ANALYZING ILLOCUTIONARY ACTS AND IMPRESSION MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES IN F1 DRIVER CARLOS SAINZ’S INTERVIEW
This study examines the use of illocutionary acts and impression management strategies in interviews with Formula 1 driver Carlos Sainz. A qualitative descriptive method with content analysis was applied to interview videos collected from YouTube. The data were transcribed and analyzed using Searle’s illocutionary act theory and Jones and Pittman’s impression management framework. The findings show that assertive and expressive illocutionary acts dominate the data and are mainly associated with self-promotion and exemplification strategies. These strategies enable Carlos Sainz to construct a professional, competent, and emotionally balanced public image. This study contributes to pragmatics and sports communication by demonstrating how speech acts function as tools of impression management in professional athlete interviews
THE REPRESENTATION OF BEAUTY INCLUSIVITY IN DOVE’S U.S. “SELF-ESTEEM PROJECT” ADVERTISEMENTS: A SEMIOTIC STUDY
This study examines how Dove US’s “Self-Esteem Project” campaign redefines beauty through visual and verbal signs in seven advertisements released between 2019 and 2024. The objective is to reveal denotative and connotative meanings and explain how myths are constructed to challenge dominant beauty ideologies. A qualitative descriptive approach was applied using Roland Barthes’s semiotic theory of denotation, connotation, and myth. Data were collected from seven advertisements available on YouTube and Dove’s official website, focusing on layered meanings in texts and visuals to identify how beauty is socially constructed. The findings show that Dove promotes inclusivity by portraying diverse body types, ethnicities, gender identities, elderly women, and people with disabilities. Denotative and connotative meanings work together to redefine beauty as authentic and emotionally resonant, breaking away from ideals of perfection. These meanings also produce counter-myths that frame beauty as fluid, diverse, and rooted in self-esteem. This study contributes to media and cultural studies, particularly advertising, semiotics, and gender studies, and provides insights for academics and practitioners promoting inclusive media practices. The originality lies in demonstrating how advertisements function not only as marketing tools but also as cultural interventions that destabilize consumerist and exclusionary ideals, advancing discussions on representation and inclusivity.
THE POLITENESS STRATEGIES BETWEEN OFFICERS AND APPLICANTS OF PASSPORT APPLICATION PROCESS IN TPI IMMIGRATION OFFICE CIREBON
This research investigates politeness strategies employed in interactions between officers and applicants during the passport application process at the Class I Immigration Office TPI Cirebon. The study adopts Brown and Levinson’s (1987) politeness theory, focusing on bald on record, positive politeness, negative politeness, and off record strategies. A descriptive qualitative method was applied, with data collected from ten recorded conversations, transcribed and analyzed according to pragmatic and sociological variables (social distance, relative power, and rank of imposition). The results indicate that bald on record (51%) and positive politeness (47%) are the dominant strategies, while negative politeness appears rarely (2%) and no off record strategies are found. Officers often employ bald on record to ensure clarity and efficiency, whereas positive politeness is used to reduce social distance and maintain harmonious relations. Rank of imposition is the most influential sociological factor, followed by social distance and relative power. These findings highlight how politeness in institutional service contexts balances administrative efficiency with social harmony.
Keywords: Immigration, Politeness, Pragmatics, Social Variables, Institutional Communication
SEMIOTIC ANALYSIS OF HOROR REPRESENTATION IN THE POSTER OF PEMBANTAIAN DUKUN SANTET
This study examines the horror film poster Pembantaian Dukun Santet (2025) through Roland Barthes’ semiotic framework. Barthes expands on Ferdinand de Saussure’s model of the signifier and signified by introducing three levels of meaning: denotation, connotation, and myth. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method with documentation techniques, analyzing visual and textual elements such as the headless body, severed head, scattered skulls, dark forest, burning torches, typography, and release date. Findings reveal that these signs function on multiple semiotic levels: at the denotative level, they explicitly depict horror imagery; at the connotative level, they evoke cultural associations with ritual killings and supernatural practices; and at the mythical level, they reproduce Indonesia’s collective beliefs about the mystical power of santet and the legitimization of violence. This study highlights how Indonesian horror film posters serve not only as marketing devices but also as cultural texts that communicate ideology and collective trauma.
DIRECTIVE SPEECH ACTS IN KUGANE MARUYAMA’S ENGLISH NOVEL OVERLORD VOLUME 16: A PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS
This study explores the types and functions of directive speech acts found in Kugane Maruyama’s English novel Overlord Volume 16, using Searle’s (1979) theory of speech acts. The research aims to identify the forms of directive speech acts and to explain their pragmatic purposes within the novel’s dialogue. The study adopts a qualitative descriptive method because the data are in the form of utterances, not numerical values. The findings show that five types of directive speech acts are used: commanding, requesting, suggesting, advising, and prohibiting, with commanding being the most dominant. These speech acts are performed by characters of different social ranks and reflect hierarchical relationships, politeness strategies, and situational contexts. The pragmatic functions include expressing authority, showing politeness, maintaining cooperation, and negotiating power. Overall, this study demonstrates that directive speech acts in Overlord Volume 16 are deeply tied to the social structure and communicative goals of the characters, illustrating how language is used to influence others in fantasy fiction narratives.
The Analysis of Code Switching and Code Mixing Used By Employees in CV. Mandiri Sejahtera Majalengka
This research investigates how employees at CV. Mandiri Sejahtera, which is exporter of rattan basket and furniture in Majalengka, applies code-switching and code-mixing in daily business communication. The purpose of this research is to analyse the types, funtions, and how established factors of code switching and code mixing used by employees in CV. Mandiri Sejahtera Majalengka. Using qualitative descriptive method, the researcher observed conversations, conducted interviews, and analyzed the language used in various work settings. The findings show that employees frequently switch between Indonesian, English, Javanese, and Sundanese, depending on the context and communicative goals. The results show that code mixing are more frequently used, with a percentage 60% for code switching and 40% for code mixing. The most common type of code switching is tag code switching with 42%, while the most common type of code mixing is hybrid insertion with 16,68%. Employees in the business workplace mentioned above use quotation more often as a function of code switching and code mixing, at 21.89%, while code switching and code mixing are used more often for taking on a specific topic. These patterns demonstrate that language flexibility is vital in fostering connection, efficiency, and adaptability in business environments. The Researcher believes that raising awareness of these language practices can enhance communication strategies in diverse workplaces and support inclusive interaction across cultures.
Onomatopoeia in the Tokyo Debunker Game At the Prologue Section
This study aims to analyse the use of onomatopoeia in the prologue of the game Tokyo Debunker, utilising Sperber and Wilson's relevance theory (1986) to understand the relationship between the onomatopoeia and the corresponding images on the panel. Meanwhile, the classification of onomatopoeic forms is made based on the theory of Wijana (2008) and the theory of Thomas and Clara (2004), which divides onomatopoeia into several categories, such as human voices, natural sounds, animal sounds, and various sound imitations. Using a descriptive qualitative research method, this study maps the types of onomatopoeia that appear in the prologue of the game and how these sounds contribute to the formation of the atmosphere and the character's interaction with the environment. The results show that most of the onomatopoeias used in Tokyo Debunker's prologue come from the categories of human voice and various sound imitations, which reflect various interactions with physical objects and human emotional expressions. Meanwhile, nature and animal sounds only appear in limited numbers but still play a role in creating a more lively atmosphere. This finding confirms that onomatopoeia serves as an important element in enhancing narrative and player experience, especially in the context of games that rely on audiovisual interaction. This article will further discuss the meaning and influence of onomatopoeia on the narrative structure in game prologues.
ILLOCUTIONARY SPEECH ACTS IN THE FILM BUDI PEKERTI: A PRAGMATIC STUDY OF MORAL COMMUNICATION
This study analyzes illocutionary speech acts in the Indonesian film Budi Pekerti to uncover the moral and ethical values embedded in its dialogues. Using a qualitative approach with observation and documentation methods, the research identifies five types of speech acts assertive, directive, commissive, expressive, and declarative based on Searle’s (1969) framework. The findings reveal that directive acts (24%) are the most dominant, reflecting the characters’ role in giving advice, guidance, and instruction. Furthermore, pragmatic strategies such as direct, emotive/expressive, positive politeness, and persuasive approaches were found, with persuasive and positive politeness as the most frequent. These strategies demonstrate that moral messages in Indonesian culture are often delivered in a respectful and persuasive manner, aligning with Pancasila values such as responsibility, empathy, and social justice. The study concludes that language in films functions not only as a communication tool but also as a medium for moral and cultural education.
Keywords: illocutionary acts, pragmatic strategies, Budi Pekerti, moral values
AN ANALYSIS OF DEIXIS IN FLAMING COMMENTS ON @PSSI’S INSTAGRAM RELATED TO COACH DISMISSAL: CYBERPRAGMATICS STUDY
This study aims to analyze the types of deixis and flaming expressions found in comments on @PSSI’s Instagram post regarding the dismissal of coach Shin Tae Yong. Using a descriptive qualitative method, data were collected through passive observation and documentation, then analyzed using Yule’s (2022) deixis theory and Yus’s (2011) cyberpragmatics framework, supported by Taufik & Rezi’s (2022) flaming typology. The results reveal that person deixis is the most dominant, highlighting how users directly address or attack certain figures or institutions. Spatial deixis and temporal deixis appear less frequently, functioning mainly to contextualize anger or criticism. Flaming expressions are classified into anger and insult categories, encompassing subtypes such as attacking, swearing, condescending, and laughing. These findings demonstrate that deixis not only clarifies referential meaning in online communication but also reinforces emotional expression and aggression in digital discourse, offering new insight into the pragmatic use of language in social media contexts.
Keywords: Deixis, Flaming, Instagram, PSSI, Cyberpragmatics
THE ILLOCUTIONARY SPEECH ACTS OF SOCIAL FACTORS IN IMPERFECT THE SERIES 2 (SOCIOPRAGMATIC)
This study examines illocutionary speech acts influenced by social factors in Imperfect: The Series 2 through a sociopragmatic approach. The analysis focuses on how occupation, social class, education, age, and gender shape the use of speech acts. Using a qualitative descriptive method and purposive sampling, selected dialogues were transcribed and analyzed based on Searle’s (1979) classification of illocutionary acts and Wardhaugh’s (2006) theory of social factor, supported by Brown and Levinson’s (1987) and Leech’s (1983) politeness frameworks. The findings reveal that each social factor significantly influences language use: occupation determines register and formality, social class affects directness, education influences lexical choice and code switching, age shapes illocutionary preferences, and gender affects politeness orientation. Cultural norms also play a role, with Jakarta/Betawi slang signaling solidarity, Sundanese politeness emphasizing harmony, and Papuan straightforwardness reflected in direct speech. This study concludes that illocutionary acts in media discourse are socially and culturally situated, reflecting Indonesia’s sociolinguistic diversity. The results contribute to sociopragmatic studies and provide practical insights for language education, media scriptwriting, and future research on language and identity.
AN ANALYSIS OF SLANG WORDS USED IN TIKTOK COMMENT SECTION OF LILY KENZIE’S TIKTOK ACCOOUNT : A SOCIOLINGISTICS APPROACH
This study aims to analyze various types of slang words and their roles in the comment section of Lily Kenzie's TikTok account using a sociolinguistic approach. Data was obtained through direct observation and documentation of comments containing slang terms, with a total of 35 data divided into four types, namely Fresh and Creative (2 data), Flippant (4 data), Acronyms (17 data), Imitative (1 data) and Clipping (11 data). The analysis was conducted to identify the linguistic characteristics of each type of slang and how its use reflects social identity and communication patterns in the context of TikTok. The results show that the Acronyms type is the most commonly used, serving as a tool for efficient communication and social group recognition. The Clipping type also dominates as a form of word simplification. The Fresh, Creative, and Flippant types are used to show creativity and a relaxed or humorous attitude. This study shows that the use of slang is not only an informal language phenomenon, but also a social tactic in digital interactions that strengthens the solidarity of the TikTok user community. These results are expected to contribute to sociolinguistic research on the evolution of slang on social media platforms and communication interactions among the younger generation.
REPRESENTATION OF DEFORESTATION ON GREENPEACE INDONESIA INSTAGRAM ACCOUNT: MULTIMODAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS
This study examines the representation of deforestation on Greenpeace Indonesia Instagram account using a multimodal discourse analysis study. The purpose of this study is to explore how Greenpeace represents verbal and visual in campaigning Deforestation in Indonesia. This study uses qualitative descriptive, the data collecting and analysis techniques in this study based on Creswell 2022. The data source for this study is from the official Greenpeace.id Instagram account, data in the form of verbal and visual from 2024 posts discussing deforestation. This study uses the theory of Transitivity Systems Sfl by Halliday 2014 to analyse verbal and Visual Grammar theory by Kress & Van Leeuwen 2021 to analyse visual. The results of this study indicate that verbal and visual in Greenpeace campaign have a very strong role and relationship, With the material process in verbal form dominating with 53 data and the action process in visual form dominating with 34 visual data, Greenpeace represents its verbal and visual by defending the rights of indigenous peoples and rejecting the harmful exploitation of nature.
SPEECH ACTS ANALYSIS ON SHASA ZHANIA’S UTTERANCES ON HER TIKTOK ACCOUNT
This study aims to analyze the speech acts used by Shasa Zhania in her endorsement content on TikTok. As a well-known influencer, her utterances have the power to shape perceptions and influence followers’ behaviors. The research focused on two questions: (1) what types of speech acts are found in her utterances, and (2) how her speaker intentions are revealed based on the Intentionalist Model by Bach & Harnish (1979). Using Austin’s (1962) speech act theory, Searle’s (1969) classification, and Bach & Harnish’s framework, this study employed a descriptive qualitative method. Data were collected from seven endorsement videos through observation and documentation. The findings indicate that the most dominant speech acts are locutionary statements with 104 data: assertive (85), directive (4), expressive (14), and commissive (1). From the intentionalist perspective, constatives, directives, commissives, and acknowledgments were identified. These results suggest that Shasa Zhania strategically uses speech acts to strengthen persuasive communication in digital marketing through TikTok.
Keywords: Speech Acts, Pragmatics, TikTok, Influencer, Endorsement
THE MEANING OF EMOJI IN TIKTOK COMMENTS ON NIKITA MIRZANI MAWARDI ACCOUNT
This study examines the types and functions of emojis in comments on Nikita Mirzani Mawardi's TikTok account. The main focus of the study is to understand how emojis help create atmosphere, convey intent, and enhance social interaction on the TikTok platform. The method used is a descriptive qualitative approach by observing popular videos and collecting data from comments containing emojis. The analysis was carried out through data reduction, categorization, and the application of Ferdinand de Saussure and Marcel Danesi's semiotic theory to interpret the meaning and function of emojis. The results show that emojis are used to express emotions, provide context, and reinforce communication messages. The use of emojis is greatly influenced by the social and cultural context of users in Indonesia, thus playing an important role in shaping meaning and enhancing interaction on social media. These findings confirm that emojis are an effective and meaningful communication tool in the digital age, as well as a reflection of the dynamics of visual language and online culture today.
Keywords: emoji, semiotics, TikTok, digital discourse, meaning
THE ANALYSIS OF SARCASM AS A POLITICAL CRITICISM IN DONALD TRUMP'S INSTAGRAM COMMENTS
This study investigates sarcasm as a form of political criticism in the comments section of Donald Trump’s Instagram account. The research employs Lee and Katz’s (1998) typology of sarcasm propositional, illocutionary, and perlocutionary and Gibbs, Kreuz, & Glucksberg’s (2000) framework on pragmatic functions, including ridicule, humor, solidarity, indirect criticism, and social criticism. Data were collected from 50 comments on Trump’s posts between June 1–5, 2025. The qualitative descriptive method was used to classify sarcasm types and analyze their functions. The findings reveal that propositional sarcasm is the most dominant type (34 cases), followed by illocutionary sarcasm (12) and perlocutionary sarcasm (4). Sarcasm functions primarily as ridicule and attack, but also as humor, solidarity, indirect, and social criticism. The results highlight the role of sarcasm as both a rhetorical and pragmatic strategy in digital political discourse, reflecting how netizens employ irony to criticize authority while fostering group identity.
Keywords: digital discourse, political criticism, pragmatics, sarcasm, social media
A MULTIMODAL ANALYSIS OF FREE PALESTINE POSTERS BY ACTIVISTS ON INSTAGRAM
This study aims to analyze how verbal and visual elements construct meaning in Free Palestine digital posters shared by activists on Instagram. This research employs a qualitative descriptive approach using multimodal discourse analysis. The theoretical framework refers to Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) by Halliday to examine interpersonal meaning in the verbal elements, and Visual Grammar by Kress and van Leeuwen to analyze interactive meaning in the visual elements. The data consist of 20 Free Palestine-themed digital posters collected from Instagram posts shared by pro-Palestinian activists. The data were collected through observation and documentation, and the analysis was conducted using the Miles and Huberman model, which includes data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that: (1) the verbal elements are dominated by declarative and imperative clauses that function to deliver messages and encourage action; (2) the visual elements display features such as high modality, direct gaze, close social distance, and particular angles to build emotional engagement with the audience. The conclusion of this study is that Free Palestine posters on Instagram function as multimodal texts that combine linguistic and visual strategies to communicate resistance, foster solidarity, and raise public awareness about the humanitarian crisis in Palestine.
PRESUPPOSITION AND LEGITIMATION STRATEGIES BRAND IMAGE OF AQUA ADVERTISEMENTS IN YOUTUBE
This study examines how presupposition and legitimation strategies construct AQUA’s brand image in digital advertisements on YouTube. Using Yule’s (1996) presupposition theory and Van Leeuwen’s (2008) legitimation framework, 31 advertisements from the SehatAQUA channel January 2024 until April 2025 were analyzed through a qualitative descriptive approach. The findings reveal five types of presupposition existential, factive, lexical, structural, and counterfactual with structural presupposition as the most dominant, often appearing in rhetorical questions and grammatical constructions. In terms of legitimation, all four categories authorization, moral evaluation, rationalization, and mythopoesis were identified, with moral evaluation being the most frequent. The study shows that presupposition naturalizes claims as accepted truths, while legitimation justifies them through moral, rational, and cultural grounds. Together, these strategies strengthen AQUA’s credibility and reinforce its image as a trustworthy and socially responsible brand
THE DENOTATIVE AND CONNOTATIVE MEANING IN TAYLOR SWIFT’S SONG “MIRRORBALL”
This study explores the denotative and connotative meanings in Taylor Swift’s song “mirrorball,” with a particular focus on how these linguistic layers express themes of self-reflection and performative identity. Using a semantic analysis framework grounded in linguistic theory which is the empirical study of language by Nick Reimer. A descriptive qualitative approach is done in this research to identify and interpret the shifting meanings of key words and metaphors within the lyrics. “Mirrorball,” a track from Swift’s 2020 folklore album, presents a poetic depiction of the speaker’s internal world, shaped by a need to be seen, admired, and accepted. The research highlights how literal meanings (denotation) interact with implied or culturally shaped meanings (connotation) to construct a persona that is fragmented, adaptive, and emotionally exposed. The analysis demonstrates that Swift’s lyrical choices reflect a broader commentary on the pressure to perform emotional resilience and perfection in public while concealing private vulnerability. The study applies semantic and stylistic tools to uncover the dual-layered meanings embedded in the text, contributing to the broader understanding of meaning construction in pop culture media. This article aims to show that popular music, when viewed through a linguistic lens, serves not only as entertainment but also as a reflection of identity struggles in modern society.
connotation, denotation, lyrics, semantics.
A LEXICAL MEANING ANALYSIS IN “MY CHEMICAL ROMANCE DISENCHANTED” SONG LYRICS
This study conducts a rigorous lexical semantic analysis of My Chemical Romance’s “Disenchanted” lyrics. The researcher identifies the core relations in lexical meaning by using Saeed’s (2009) theory. How antonymic pairs establish conceptual tension (love–dying), synonymy reinforces violation semantics (spit on–shoved), hyponymy structures ruin taxonomy (broken→broke/hungry), and polysemy enables context-free sense extension (roar→cheering). The results demonstrate that a total of 16 data findings were identified and categorized into four semantic relations, revealing systematic lexical patterning independent of pragmatic interpretation. These findings reveal that each of the four core lexical relations (antonymy, synonymy, hyponymy, and polysemy) displays consistent and systematic patterning within the lyrics, thereby offering a structured model for conducting semantic analysis of song lyrics.
Antonymy, Hyponymy, Lexical Semantics, Polysemy, Semantic Relations
LEXICAL AND CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS OF ‘DECEMBER’ SONG LYRICS BY NECK DEEP SEMANTIC
This study examines the lexical and contextual meanings in the lyrics of the song "December" by Neck Deep, focusing on how language conveys emotional experiences of heartbreak, loss, and longing. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, the research analyzes selected words and phrases from the song, applying Cruse's (2011) theory of lexical meaning and Saeed's (2015) for contextual meaning. The findings reveal that the lyrics employ literal and symbolic language to depict emotional turmoil, with words like "heartbreak," "cold," and "December" shifting from their dictionary definitions to deeper, contextually rich interpretations. The study highlights how semantic analysis can uncover the layered emotional and psychological themes in song lyrics, demonstrating their role as a medium for personal and collective expression. The results contribute to a broader understanding of how language in music articulates universal human experiences, particularly among young audiences navigating complex emotional landscapes.
THE USE OF DENOTATIVE AND CONNOTATIVE MEANING IN GENSHIN IMPACT’S ARCHON QUOTATION
This research was conducted in order to analyze the denotative and connotative meanings contained in the quotes of 5 archon Genshin Impact characters. Denotative meaning is a meaning that has been agreed upon by all users of a particular language. Meanwhile, connotative meaning is a meaning that arises by involving the emotions or experiences of a person or group. The method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive method, so that it can help explore the understanding of the meaning of the selected character quotes from the player’s own perspective. Like one of the quotes spoken by a character named Nahida, “Two heads are better than one.” If interpreted denotatively, it would mean that the existence of two heads is a better condition than having only one head. However, if the quote is interpreted connotatively, it will mean that with several individuals, problems will be easier to solve because there will be several points of view. This shows that connotative meaning has an important role in understanding the quotes spoken by the characters of Genshin Impact because many contain meanings that are conveyed implicitly. In addition, by understanding the connotative meaning more deeply, it will show the beauty of diction, traits, values. Principles or perspectives of archon characters that cause a deep impression on players. Researchers hope that this research can add to the diversity of semantic studies, especially in the field of online games. Keywords: Connotative, Denotative, Game, Quotes, Semantic
Connotative, Denotative, Game, Quotes, Semantic
SENSE RELATIONS ON SONG LYRIC IN THE ALBUM “MEMBANGUN DAN MENGHANCURKAN” BY EAST
This research aims to describe the meaning relations in the song lyrics in the album “Membangun dan Menghancurkan” by .Feast using semantic studies. The method used in this research is a descriptive qualitative research method. The data in this research is in the form of words or phrases that contain meaning relations in each song lyric in the album “Membangun and Menghancurkan” by .Feast. The data source in this research is the song lyrics contained in the album, which was released in 2024 and written directly by the band members. The data collection techniques used include listening to each song in the album in depth, reading each song lyric in the album to find words or phrases that contain meaning relations in it, and understanding and identifying the types of meaning relations that exist in each song. The data analysis technique used is semantic analysis. This analysis focuses on identifying types of meaning relations, such as synonyms, antonyms, and repetition. Synonyms show the similarity of meaning between words and phrases, antonyms show the difference in the contrast of meaning in words or phrases, while repetition shows the emphasis of a word or phrase. Based on the results of the data analysis, it can be concluded that the song lyrics in the album “Membangun dan Menghancurkan” by .Feast have the use of synonyms, antonyms, and repetition to reveal the various meanings contained. Keywords: Song Lyric, Sense Relation, Semantic
EXPLORING POLYSEMY AND HOMONYMY IN FEAST’S “MULTIVERSE” ALBUM
Homonymy occurs when two or more lexemes that have the same pronunciation, spelling and it can be similar forms but the meaning is not related to each other. Homonymy is an utterance that is the same but for different things, resulting in unclear or biased meaning. Polysemy is a double-meaning word with every meaning having a close connection of meaning. The research uses a qualitative approach employing content analysis methodology to explore the linguistic phenomena of homonymy and polysemy within Feast's “Multiverse” album. Grounded in semantic theories of linguistic interpretation, the research draws heavily from Keidler's theoretical perspectives on the intricate spectrum between homonymy and polysemy. The analysis reveals extensive use of polysemy, where words evolve from concrete to abstract meanings while maintaining semantic connections. Their strategic use of homonymy and polysemy enables them to pack complex meanings into seemingly simple phrases, allowing their lyrics to function as both artistic expression and social commentary. This approach enables their lyrics to function on both literal and metaphorical levels, creating a rich tapestry of meaning that rewards close listening and analysis. Their strategic use of homonymy and polysemy allows them to compress multiple layers of meaning into seemingly simple phrases, enabling their music to function simultaneously as artistic expression and social commentary. Keywords: Polysemy, Homonymy, Semantics, Music
THE USE OF HYPONYMY IN THE FOLKTALE 'SANGKURIANG' ON THE YOUTUBE CHANNEL “DONGENG KITA"
This research aims to analyze the use of hyponymy in the “Sangkuriang” folklore published on the YouTube channel “Dongeng Kita.” Hyponymy is a lexical relationship in which a word (hyponym) is a specific instance of a more general category (hypernym). This research focuses on identifying and analyzing the forms of hyponymy found in the folktale “Sangkuriang,” using data in the form of video transcripts from the channel. The data collection method was conducted through observation and non-participatory techniques, which allowed the researcher to carefully collect and transcribe the videos. After the collection and analysis process, it was found that there were 12 hyponyms in the noun or noun word class category that appeared in the story. The findings provide insight into how hyponymy is used to enrich the narrative as well as characterization in the folktale “Sangkuriang,” while highlighting the importance of linguistic elements in conveying the meaning and theme of the story. This research is expected to contribute to a deeper understanding of language use in the context of local culture through digital media. Keywords: Hyponym, Hypernym, Meaning Relation, Youtube
SYNONYMY OF THE SONG “TARUH” IN SELAMAT ULANG TAHUN ALBUM BY NADIN AMIZAH
This study explores the use of synonymy and metaphor in the lyrics of the song “Taruh” by Nadin Amizah. The purpose of this study is to find out how the use of synonymous words and metaphorical expressions can enrich the meaning and deepen the emotions contained in the lyrics. Using a qualitative descriptive method, this study identified nine metaphors, of which four formed synonymous pairs. These synonymous pairs convey similar meanings but with different emotional nuances, thus adding depth to the listener's experience. In addition, two metaphors that did not have synonyms were analyzed to understand their emotional significance. The results show that synonymy and metaphor play an important role in revealing complex emotions and establishing a stronger emotional bond with the listener. Keywords: Metaphor, Synonymy, Song Lyrics, Meaning Relations
CONNOTATIVE MEANING IN WENDY OF RED VELVET’S SONG “HIS CAR ISN’T YOURS”
Music, as a contemporary art form, uniquely conveys meaning through the synthesis of melody and lyrics. This study analyzes the denotative and connotative meanings in Wendy's song “His Car Isn’t Yours” from Red Velvet, using Kreidler's semantic framework. The research aims to uncover how metaphors, particularly "car," depict themes of emotional detachment and relational dynamics. A descriptive qualitative approach is employed to explore the linguistic nuances that construct an emotional narrative in the lyrics. The analysis reveals that the "car," as a central metaphor, transitions from a denotative meaning as a physical object to a connotative symbol of emotional separation and relational boundaries. Elements such as "driveway" and "headlights" further emphasize themes of loss and emotional transformation. Repetition within the lyrics deepens emotional resonance, portraying the narrator's struggle to accept a new reality. This study highlights how the interplay of linguistic and symbolic elements creates narratives that resonate personally and universally with listeners. This research contributes to understanding linguistic creativity in contemporary song lyrics and the relevance of metaphor in expressing human emotional experiences. It recommends further exploration of similar techniques across genres and cultural contexts to gain broader insights into the semantic meanings embedded in lyrics. Keywords: Connotation, Denotation, Lyrics, Semantics
EXPLORING SYNONYM RELATIONSHIPS IN THE SONG “GALA BUNGA MATAHARI”: A SEMANTIC STUDY
This study investigates synonym relationships in the song "Gala Bunga Matahari" by Sal Priadi through a semantic lens. Songs serve as poetic expressions, blending linguistic and emotional elements to convey deeper meanings. Employing a qualitative approach, this research focuses on analyzing metaphorical expressions as a preliminary step to classify data for further exploration of synonym pairs within the song's lyrics. Six pairs of synonymous phrases were identified, each contributing nuanced variations to the emotional and narrative depth of the lyrics. For example, expressions like "Tak sakit-sakit lagi" (No longer in pain) and "Muda lagi" (Young again) highlight themes of hope and renewal. The findings reveal that synonyms, supported by metaphorical classifications, enhance the song’s poetic and emotional resonance, emphasizing the songwriter's linguistic artistry. This study underscores the significance of synonymy in enriching semantic depth and fostering a universal connection through lyrical content. Keywords: Semantics, Synonymy, Metaphors, Song Lyrics, Sal Priadi